Definition
"Ibidem" (often shortened to "ibid.") is a Latin word meaning "in the same place." It is used in footnotes and bibliographies to refer to a source that was cited in the immediately preceding note or entry. It saves space by avoiding the need to repeat the full citation. Think of it as a shortcut for saying "same as the last one." It's commonly found in academic writing and research papers. It indicates that the information comes from the exact same source as the previous reference.