Definition
Papillary muscles are cone-shaped muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) via chordae tendineae, which are tendon-like cords. These muscles contract to prevent the valves from inverting or prolapsing into the atria during ventricular contraction, ensuring blood flows in one direction. Think of them as tiny anchors preventing a parachute (the valve) from turning inside out when the wind (blood pressure) is strong. Dysfunction can lead to heart valve problems. They are crucial for proper heart function.